/* Research journal: a 720px reading measure and 840px media, sharing one axis.
   This replaces the previous stack of article-specific style overrides. */
:root {
  color-scheme:light;
  --page:#f8fafc;--ink:#182a39;--body:#344452;--muted:#596e7d;
  --blue:#185680;--line:#d6e1e9;--panel:#edf3f8;
  --reading-width:720px;--media-width:840px;
  --sans:var(--site-font);--display:var(--site-font);
  --reading:var(--site-font);
}
*{box-sizing:border-box}
html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:var(--site-anchor-offset,112px)}
body{margin:0;background:var(--page);color:var(--body);font:17px/1.7 var(--sans);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}
img{display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto}
a{color:var(--blue);text-decoration:none;text-underline-offset:4px}
a:hover{text-decoration:underline}
a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible,[tabindex]:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #287cb1;outline-offset:5px}
button{font:inherit;cursor:pointer}
strong,b{font-weight:700;color:var(--ink)}
::selection{background:#d0e5f4;color:#142a38}
.skip-link{position:fixed;top:-90px;left:20px;z-index:100;background:#185680;color:#fff;padding:12px 18px}
.skip-link:focus{top:8px}
#reading-progress{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;height:2px;transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:left;background:#63bdea;z-index:70}
.research-page .site-frame{width:auto;max-width:none;margin:0}

/* A quiet title followed by one generous, full-width visual. */
.research-masthead{padding:146px 28px 0}
.article-return{max-width:var(--reading-width);margin:0 auto 24px;font:400 14px/1.5 var(--sans)}
.article-return a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;min-height:44px;color:#365d79}
.article-return-end{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px;margin:36px 0 0;padding-top:20px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.masthead-copy{max-width:760px;margin:0 auto;text-align:center}
.masthead-category{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;margin:0 0 24px;color:var(--muted);font:400 14px/1.5 var(--sans)}
.masthead-category span{color:#89a3b5}
.masthead-copy h1{font:600 40px/48px var(--display);letter-spacing:0;color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 18px;text-wrap:balance}
.masthead-subtitle{max-width:760px;margin:0 auto 28px;font:400 24px/1.45 var(--display);color:#4c6273;text-wrap:balance}
.paper-actions{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px}
.paper-download{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:20px;min-width:174px;min-height:46px;padding:10px 21px;background:#185680;color:white;border:1px solid #185680;border-radius:5px;font:600 15px/1.5 var(--display);white-space:nowrap;transition:background .18s}
.paper-download:hover{background:#103e60;text-decoration:none}
.paper-download:active{transform:translateY(1px)}
.paper-download span{font-size:19px;font-weight:400}
.research-art{max-width:var(--media-width);height:320px;margin:40px auto 0;background:#eaf1f7;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden}
.lab-artwork{height:100%;width:100%;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}
.lab-artwork>svg{display:block;width:660px;max-width:100%;height:100%;overflow:visible}
.masthead-byline{max-width:var(--reading-width);margin:24px auto 0;display:flex;align-items:baseline;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px;color:var(--muted);font-size:12px}
.masthead-byline>span{white-space:nowrap}
.paper-keywords{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px 20px}
.paper-keywords a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:30px;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#9bb9cd;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:5px;font-size:12px}

/* Article and figures are centered independently, never shifted by the TOC. */
.paper-reading{padding:70px 28px 64px}
.paper-layout{position:relative;max-width:var(--reading-width);margin:0 auto}
article{min-width:0;font:400 17px/27px var(--reading);letter-spacing:0}
.paper-abstract,.paper-section{scroll-margin-top:0}
.paper-abstract{margin:0}
.paper-section{padding-top:64px}
.section-heading{position:relative;margin:0 0 26px;color:var(--ink);font:450 28px/36px var(--display);letter-spacing:0;text-wrap:balance}
.paper-abstract .section-heading{font-size:28px}
.paper-section h3{margin:40px 0 18px;font:600 24px/34px var(--display);color:var(--ink);scroll-margin-top:0;text-wrap:pretty}
.paper-section h4{margin:30px 0 16px;font:600 22px/33px var(--display);color:var(--ink);scroll-margin-top:0}
.paper-section p,.paper-abstract p{margin:0 0 24px;text-align:justify;text-align-last:left;hyphens:auto;overflow-wrap:break-word}
.paper-section ul,.paper-section ol{margin:0 0 26px;padding-left:24px}
.paper-section li{margin-bottom:12px;padding-left:4px}
.paper-section li::marker{color:#527895}
.citation{font-size:.76em;white-space:nowrap;color:#2e6d98}
.citation a{color:inherit;padding:2px 1px;border-radius:2px;scroll-margin-top:64px}
.citation a:target{background:#d0e5f4;outline:2px solid #d0e5f4}
.paper-section code{font:14px/1.8 Consolas,'Courier New',monospace;color:#245c81;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.paper-section pre{margin:28px 0;padding:22px 24px;background:var(--panel);border-radius:6px;white-space:pre-wrap;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.paper-section pre.equation{font:17px/1.7 Georgia,serif}

/* One image, one caption; no title bars, repeated frames or decorative labels. */
.paper-figure{width:var(--media-width);max-width:calc(100vw - 56px);margin:48px 0 46px;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%)}
.paper-figure.figure-compact{width:560px}
.paper-figure.figure-reading{width:var(--reading-width)}
.paper-video video{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:16/9;background:#000;border-radius:8px}
.paper-video video:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #287cb1;outline-offset:5px}
.figure-link{display:block;position:relative;background:#fff;border:1px solid #e1e8ee;border-radius:6px;padding:22px;overflow:hidden;cursor:zoom-in}
.figure-link img{width:100%;height:auto}
.redrawn-figure .figure-link{padding:0;border-color:#dce6ee;border-radius:8px}
.figure-link:focus-visible{outline-offset:5px}
.paper-figure figcaption{max-width:var(--reading-width);margin:20px auto 0;color:var(--muted);font:400 13px/1.75 var(--sans);text-align:left}
.caption-title{display:block;margin-bottom:5px;color:#304c61;font-size:14px;font-weight:600}
.caption-index{margin-right:7px;color:#506e84;font-weight:400}
.figure-source{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}
.figure-source a+a{margin-left:10px}

/* Tables stay with the reading measure; wide data scrolls inside its own region. */
.table-scroll{max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;margin:30px 0 20px;border-block:1px solid #b9cbd9}
table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font:13px/1.6 var(--sans);text-align:left;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
thead th{padding:13px 12px;background:#e6eef5;font-weight:600;color:#243f54;border-bottom:1px solid #becfdc;vertical-align:bottom}
tbody td,tbody th{padding:12px;border-bottom:1px solid #dbe5ed;vertical-align:top;font-weight:400}
tbody tr:last-child td,tbody tr:last-child th{border-bottom:0}
tbody tr:nth-child(even){background:#f0f5f9}
tbody th{color:#2d4c63}
.table-note{font-size:13px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--muted)}
.nowrap{white-space:nowrap}

/* Emphasis remains part of the article rather than a separate component system. */
.editorial-insight{margin:36px 0;padding:0}
.editorial-insight p{font:400 27px/1.5 var(--display);color:#245474;text-align:left;hyphens:none;letter-spacing:-.01em}
.editorial-definitions{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:30px;margin:30px 0 36px}
.editorial-definitions p{margin:0;padding:24px;background:var(--panel);border-radius:6px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;text-align:left;hyphens:none}
.editorial-definitions strong:first-child{display:block;margin-bottom:12px;font:600 22px/1.3 var(--display);color:var(--blue)}
.editorial-results{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:28px;margin:32px 0 38px}
.editorial-results p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.75;text-align:left;hyphens:none;margin:0}
.editorial-results strong:first-child{display:block;margin-bottom:9px;color:var(--blue);font:600 34px/1.2 var(--display);letter-spacing:-.02em}
.editorial-results em{display:block;font-weight:600;font-style:normal;color:#3a566b;margin-bottom:8px}
.research-details{margin:30px 0;border-block:1px solid #c6d7e3}
.research-details>summary{min-height:56px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;padding:15px 0;list-style:none;cursor:pointer;color:#345a76;font:600 16px/1.6 var(--sans)}
.research-details>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}
.research-details>summary:hover{color:#153f5c}
.detail-cue::before{content:'+';font-size:23px;font-weight:400}
.research-details[open] .detail-cue::before{content:'−'}
.research-details-body{padding:10px 0 16px;font-size:15px}
.research-details-body>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
.editorial-note{margin:28px 0;padding:18px 22px;background:#eaf2f8;border-left:2px solid #719bb9;font-size:14px;line-height:1.75;color:#3f6179}
.paper-references{margin-top:60px;padding-top:32px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.paper-references .section-heading{margin-bottom:12px}
.paper-references .references-intro{margin-bottom:30px;font:400 13px/1.7 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);text-align:left}
.paper-references .reference-list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;font:400 14px/23px var(--reading)}
.paper-references .reference-list li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:36px minmax(0,1fr);gap:12px;margin:0 0 22px;padding:0;scroll-margin-top:12px;border-radius:3px}
.reference-number{color:var(--muted);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.reference-entry{overflow-wrap:anywhere;text-align:left}
.reference-entry>a{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#c5d6e3;text-underline-offset:3px}
.reference-backlinks{display:inline-flex;gap:8px;margin-left:8px;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:nowrap}
.reference-backlinks a{display:inline-block;min-width:20px;text-align:center;color:var(--blue)}
.reference-list li:target{background:#e6f0f8;box-shadow:0 0 0 8px #e6f0f8}
@media(max-width:600px){.paper-references .reference-list li{grid-template-columns:32px minmax(0,1fr);gap:8px}.paper-references .reference-list{font-size:14px;line-height:23px}}

/* On smaller screens the directory is a native disclosure, not a second column. */
.article-sidebar{display:none}
.mobile-contents{max-width:var(--reading-width);margin:0 auto 40px;border-block:1px solid var(--line)}
.mobile-contents summary{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;min-height:50px;cursor:pointer;font-size:13px;color:#48667d;list-style:none}
.mobile-contents summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}
.mobile-contents summary:after{content:'+';font-size:22px;font-weight:400}
.mobile-contents[open] summary:after{content:'−'}
.toc{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:3px}
.toc a{display:flex;align-items:center;min-height:38px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.55;padding:8px 0;color:#617687}
.toc a:hover,.toc a[aria-current]{color:#185680;text-decoration:none}
.toc-number{display:none}
.mobile-contents .toc{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0 25px;padding-bottom:15px}
.toc-label{font:600 12px/1.5 var(--sans);color:#36556c;margin:0 0 17px;letter-spacing:0}
.toc-note{font-size:11px;line-height:1.75;color:#617687;margin:22px 0 0}
@media(min-width:1560px){
  .article-sidebar{display:block;position:absolute;left:calc(100% + 110px);top:0;height:100%;width:156px}
  .toc-wrap{position:sticky;top:var(--site-anchor-offset,112px);max-height:calc(100vh - 148px);overflow:auto;scrollbar-width:thin}
  .toc{border-left:1px solid #d5e0e9}
  .toc a{border-left:2px solid transparent;margin-left:-1px;padding-left:16px}
  .toc a[aria-current]{border-left-color:#2c7bad}
  .mobile-contents{display:none}
}

.research-page .site-footer{--site-footer-gap:0px}
.figure-dialog{width:min(1500px,95vw);max-width:95vw;max-height:94vh;padding:0;border:1px solid #b8ccdc;border-radius:6px;background:var(--page);color:var(--body);overflow:auto}
.figure-dialog::backdrop{background:#0b1e2bea}
.viewer-toolbar{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;position:sticky;top:0;z-index:1;padding:10px 18px;background:#edf3f8;border-bottom:1px solid #c8d8e4;font-size:13px}
.viewer-toolbar button{min-height:44px;padding:7px 15px;border:1px solid #9ebbd0;border-radius:4px;background:var(--page);color:#245777;font-size:13px}
.viewer-toolbar button:hover{background:#dfeaf3}
.figure-image-scroll{width:100%;overflow-x:auto;overscroll-behavior-inline:contain;background:#fff;padding:24px}
.figure-dialog img{width:max(100%,1000px);max-width:none;height:auto}
.figure-dialog p{max-width:900px;padding:18px 22px;margin:0;font-size:13px;line-height:1.75}
@media(max-width:1100px){
  :root{--media-width:min(840px,calc(100vw - 56px))}
  .research-masthead{padding-top:132px}
  .research-art{height:300px}
}
@media(max-width:700px){
  :root{--media-width:100%;--reading-width:100%}
  body{font-size:16px;line-height:1.8}
  article{font-size:16px;line-height:26px}
  html{scroll-padding-top:var(--site-anchor-offset,96px)}
  .research-masthead{padding:116px 24px 0}
  .masthead-category{font-size:12px;margin-bottom:20px}
  .masthead-copy h1{font-size:28px;line-height:34px;margin-bottom:17px}
  .masthead-subtitle{font-size:21px;line-height:1.45;margin-bottom:24px}
  .research-art{height:270px;margin-top:32px}
  .masthead-byline{display:block;margin-top:18px}
  .masthead-byline>span{display:block;margin-top:12px}
  .paper-keywords{gap:2px 17px;justify-content:center}
  .masthead-byline{text-align:center}
  .paper-reading{padding:48px 24px}
  .paper-section{padding-top:48px}
  .section-heading,.paper-abstract .section-heading{font-size:28px;line-height:36px;margin-bottom:22px}
  .paper-section h3{font-size:24px;line-height:34px;margin-top:30px}
  .paper-section p,.paper-abstract p{margin-bottom:21px;text-align:left;hyphens:none}
  .paper-figure{width:100%;max-width:100%;margin:34px 0}
  .paper-figure.figure-compact,.paper-figure.figure-reading{width:100%}
  .figure-link{padding:10px;border-radius:4px}
  .figure-image-scroll{padding:12px}
  .paper-figure figcaption{font-size:12px;margin-top:15px}
  .caption-title{font-size:13px}
  .editorial-definitions,.editorial-results{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:24px}
  .editorial-definitions p{padding:20px;font-size:15px}
  .editorial-results strong:first-child{font-size:31px}
  .editorial-insight p{font-size:24px}
  .research-details-body{font-size:15px}
  .table-scroll table{min-width:580px;font-size:12px}
  .editorial-note{font-size:13px;padding:16px 18px}
}
@media(max-width:380px){.research-art{height:225px}.mobile-contents .toc{grid-template-columns:1fr}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*,*::before,*::after{animation:none!important;transition:none!important}}
@media print{.header,.article-sidebar,.mobile-contents,.research-art,.site-footer,#reading-progress{display:none}.paper-reading{padding:0}.research-masthead{padding:0}.research-details-body{display:block!important}.paper-figure{width:100%;max-width:100%;break-inside:avoid}body{font-size:11pt}}

.paper-original{margin:16px 0 0;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--muted,#536b7b)}
.paper-original a{color:inherit;text-underline-offset:3px}